Some answers, and many thoughts:
1/ Christopher Tolkien studied at Trinity College.
3/ I reckon this is "Winter's [Something]", probably a quote from LotR, possibly similar to "Winter's End".
4/ "Yeast", with the middle (a?) removed, and something added...
YESTARE? (Why scripture study, though?)
5/ I want this to be the Sindarin for Yestare, but... there isn't one? Could be
ENTARE, an earlier version of the same word. Based purely on the letter and theme,
ERUKYERME was the Numenorean new year.
6/ Not a clue.
7/ Kate Bush has a song about December being magic again...
RINGARE is the last month of the Gondorian calendar (until Aragorn mucked about with it).
hS