Perhaps greed and treasure had something to do with the dwarves wanting to resettle Moria, (it usually does with Dwarves), but another, even greater reason was that Khazad-dûm was HOME.
It was the last of the Great Dwarf Mansions, and had survived since the beginning of the First Age. After it fell to the Orcs, and then the Lonely Mountain was lost as well, the Dwarves truely became a wandering people, with no true kingdom of their own.
Dwarves seem to be as much wrapped up in their history as the Elves, (they just didn't talk about it to Outsiders as much). And unlike the Elves, the Dwarves did not believe that they had no future in Middle Earth. They figured they weren't going anywhere, and that Khazad-dûm was a birthright that had to be reclaimed if they were to take their place beside Men as equals.
So maybe Thror and Balin did jump the gun in trying to reclaim Khazad-dûm too soon, but you really can't hold it against them.
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