Gandalf broke Saruman's staff because he had departed from the path of the Istari, and had thrown his lot with Sauron, the Enemy that they were supposed to be inspiring the rest of Middle-earth to fight against. He had failed in his duty as a Wizard, and thus, the "new" Gandalf, who was now the Head of the Order, expelled him from the Order.
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But Melkor also was there, and he came to the house of Fëanor, and there he slew Finwë King of the Noldor before his doors, and spilled the first blood in the Blessed Realm; for Finwë alone had not fled from the horror of the Dark.
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