In 861 of the Third Age, the realm of Arnor(the northern kngdom of the Dùnedain which was adjacent to Gondor and northwest of it)was divided into three separate states: Arthedain, Rhudaur, and Cardolan (Land of Red Hills). Cardolan was the southern most of these states and the one that bordered Gondor.
The Watch Tower of Amon Sûl lay on the border between Cardolan and Rhudaur. Rhudauer fell under the influence of the Angmar and warred with Cardolan. In the final invasion of the Shadow's forces into Cardolan, the watchtower was burned, and the people of Cardolan were forced to take refuge in Tyrn Gorthad(the Barrow Downs) and the Old Forest.
If you'ld like to see maps concerning this, I'd like to refer you to The Atlas of Middle-earth by Karen Wynn Fonstad, pg. 51-58.
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Eldest, that’s what I am . . . I knew the dark under the stars when it was fearless - before the Dark Lord came from Outside.
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