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					Originally Posted by Huinesoron  Still on #3, is it possibly NOLDOR, who are 'too dignified' to be known as 'gnomes'? 'Cut down' could be indicating the fact that a gnome, these days, is usually small. (The answer could also be just ELF/ELVES, depending on how detailed you're being.) 
Or I suppose SINDARIN, which is the language that evolved from Gnomish.
 
EDIT: #9, 'patron' makes me think 'patron deity', and I know we have the Rohirric name BEMA for OROME. He could definitely be seen as patron to Eorl, who has been depicted as very Orome-like  at least once.
 
hS | 
	
 Huinsoron is exactly right on #3: NOLDOR: too dignified to be known as mere "gnomes." And if you take a late-era take that Noldor should be spelt Ņoldor, then the "palatal nasal" found in Italian and French but not in English is a bit of a double-clue.
#9 is not Orome or Bema, though.