[The Might]

Well, I think he took two small chests, one with silver and one with gold after the Battle of the Five Armies, also the bags of gold taken from the trolls.
Also, as said in the end of the Hobbit, "his gold and silver was largely spent in presents" (for example he now had real gold buttons for his coat). Anyway, clearly the money did last for a long time, and I you must consider that for The Shire this was indeed a huge treasure. They weren't used to such things, unlike the Dwarves, so they probably exagerated about Bilbo's wealth.
As much of the earlier treasure was spent, I doubt more then a chest was left at the time he left Bag End.