I always figured he was.
The way I see it is you have to keep in mind that much is taken or inspired by Christianity without directly referring or relating to it. It is fantasy, after all. Much is used in abstract metaphor and analogy with Tolkien's own storytelling and originality. The similarities come and go, though. If you notice there's much Norse and Celtic influence as well. So I think it's definantely there, but so is a great deal of other things.
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