I've noticed how you all failed to mention the following two things:
Lothlorien: Huge, beautiful forest. Inhabited by Elves who don't really like Dwarves (that is untill Gimli came along). Ruled by Celeborn and Galadriel(who holds one of the three Elven rings of Power, Nenya). Arwen later went there to live out the rest of her days after Aragorn passed on.
and also:
Helms Deep: Place of great sorrow. The main battle for Rohan against all the forces of Isengard took place here. The Glittering Caves are located here and Gimli came back with Dwarves from The Lonely Mountain to do a bit of digging for ores and other minerals.
If anyone has anything else to add to this, go right ahead.
Glirdy 