Well, I take literally the references that Orcs are "spawned." I just can't imagine Orcs providing the necessary succour and cooperation to own their kind that is indispensable for mammalian-like gestation and maturation.
They a wholly corrupted and crooked form of like, and I have no problem seeing the mutilation of Elves being a contributing factor to the material of that form, that is completely removed from their having a Soul of the nature that troubled Tolkien as he tried to reconcile what little information the Wise and the Free People could have ever had about such origins. Morgoth was chatty or a journal keeper. What they had instead of a soul is a reproducible demonic power, not unlike that that inhabited Werewolves or Dragons on a much grander scale.
Under normal circumstances left to their own devices the may have had the ability and drive to do what is necessary to provide for the seeding and metamorphosis of new Orcs at a rate that is similar to how Men and Elves are able to multiply. But to multiply is not necessarily the same as procreate.
And it does not explain how Sauron and others are able to produce such vast numbers over relatively short periods, unless one ascribes to them the skill and power to organize and enhance the spawning process in a way that substantially increases the geometric rate of growth. I feel that this is power that Saruman acquired (or was given) and that he used, not unlike what is shown in the Film.
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The hoes unrecked in the fields were flung, __ and fallen ladders in the long grass lay __ of the lush orchards; every tree there turned __ its tangled head and eyed them secretly, __ and the ears listened of the nodding grasses; __ though noontide glowed on land and leaf, __ their limbs were chilled.
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