If stay inside 'the Hobbit' only, perhaps Thorin had in mind just to recover the Arkenstone, the heirloom of his House. That may be why he asked for a burglar, not an army of dwarves with sharp axes. And he kept his idea secret as others could be after the treasure.
And Gandalf (again purelyinside "the Hobbit") wanted someone to preoccupy Smaug while he was going to fight the Necromancer.
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Где найти мне сил, чтобы вернуться через века,
Чтобы ты - простил?..
А трава разлуки высока...
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