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From the Hobbit we learn that at least some of the eagles lived in th enorth of the misty mountians. The Lord of Eagles that rescued the Gandalf, the Dwarves and Bilbo could sens from his outlock-post the "uproar" of the wolfcircle burned by Gandalf. When we suppose that he was then not far from home, as he could summone many of his folk, his eyeries have to be in the north of the misty mountains, not far from the high pass from Rivendell to the old ford.
The winged staeds of the Nazgūl are in the Lord of Ring discriped as a reminder of an older time. And as Tolkien stated in one of his Letters that fits very well their Petraodactylus like discription.
Were they lived we do not know, but since it is told that Sauron feeded them to become greater and usefull for the Nazgūl to ride on, we can argue that at least the gigant once lived at or near to Barad-dūr.
Legolas did shot one of the steads during the journey down Anduin and Éowyn killed one during the Battle of the Pelenor-fields. But still we see eight Nazgūl on winged steads at the Battle before the Morannon. That makes at least ten not nine and I think Sauron had more than ten of the beasts at hand.
That the Orcs were twisted Elves is one of the many theories that Tolkien himself ponder for a long time. Since it is given in The Silmarillion (which is regarded as the ultimate source at these board) to the loremasters of the elves, it has some authority. But Tolkien late in his life consider many alternativ sources for the Orcs ranging from Maiar of less power ofer Elves, Men and monkey like beasts to puppets preforming the will of the dark lord without independent live. So I give no clear answer to that question and can only wake interest in study of the sources to get an oferview about tolkien idea (it is worth the hard work it bears).
Respectfully
Findegil
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