It's not said definitely that the Ring gave understanding of tongues, only 'perhaps'. But it sharpened some senses for sure.
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And now don't go telling me that Shagrat and Snaga used the Common Speech because it makes no sence - they were from the same breed .
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But they were not. Shagrat was an Uruk, and Snaga - some lesser orc, hence the (nick)name: Snaga = slave. Besides, Westron was widely used by orcs in the form of their jargon, while Black speech was mostly the language of the Dark Tower.