Child, you sure do know how to pick 'em. That is you have a knack for starting unique, interesting, engrossing, and fascinating topics. Yeah, some redundancy there. Sorry.
The only other type of other instance I can think of are Frodo's dreams, for example in the house of Tom Bombadil, and other dreams. I would place dreams in the same category as Pippin's and Frodo's visions, because they were directly applicable to the circumstance of their adventures.
As to long distance communication among the Elves, I think not. There is no evidence for this in the story that I can think of. The closest one may come to it is when Frodo and Sam use the Phial of Galadriel in the lair of Shelob. When faced with the evil Spider herself, Frodo draws the Phial forth and calls out the name of Galadriel. One could imagine and hope that she heard that call, and maybe she did, but Tolkien does not say that she did. He does write for us that Frodo's boldness was renewed by the light and her name, such that Shelob actually quails and flees. I think that perhaps Galadriel may be an exception among the Elves because she has her Mirror and wears onf of the three Elven Rings and is the daughter of Finrod Felagund, one of the first Elves ever.
As for Pippin's momentary vision of Aragorn, I would personally characterize that as either a grace of Providence (using Tolkien's word from the story itself) or as close to psychic as Tolkien ever got. As I said, I think it's akin to dreams. Perhaps Pippin hoped and imagined, and because his imagining and hoping were closely akin to the reality, he was thereby able to perceive it. That's my best conjecture.
As far as Elves getting news quickly goes, I really don't think Tolkien had all kinds of Elves able to send their thought across leagues and leagues. Rather, there were the Eagles of Manwe - Gwaihir and others, who were allied to or at least friendly with the Elves.
If I recall correctly regarding Legolas, he could be awake and dream at the same time, and this dreaming partook of memories of ages past, for the Elves could retain memory in the whole rather than according to our human vagunesses.
As for Saruman, I think he went the way of Melkor and Sauron such that by expending so much of his spirit and might in building his little empire, he weakened himself permanently. As JRRT writes (I believe), Saruman retained an ability of persuasion but little else. Hope this helps a little.
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