How in the name of Eru could the breaking of Thangorodrim resulted in the Ered Lithui? Look where Thangorodrim was. It was all the way in the north of Beleriand. Mordor is in the southeast of Middle-earth! If the aftereffects of the Breaking were that powerful, then almost all of Middle-earth should have been devastated. It is physically impossible for the Breaking to have anything to do with the formation of the Ash Mtns.
As for the Inland Sea of Helcar theory, it just might work. I'm sure that most of you are familiar with plate tectonics. I am assuming that Middle-earth was geologically built the same as our Earth. The plate underneath the Inland Sea of Helcar could have been moving against the surrounding plates, causing them to buckle. The same convergent action has caused the Andes Mtns. in South America. The buckling could have also caused rifts to open up underneath the Sea, effectively draining it. What is left is a crater-like depression, Mordor.
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But Melkor also was there, and he came to the house of Fëanor, and there he slew Finwë King of the Noldor before his doors, and spilled the first blood in the Blessed Realm; for Finwë alone had not fled from the horror of the Dark.
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