Electricity generation is primarily achieved through various methods that involve converting other forms of energy into electrical power. The most common method is through fossil fuels like coal, oil, and natural gas, where their combustion in power plants generates heat. This heat is used to produce steam, which drives turbines connected to electrical generators. The mechanical energy from the turbine is then converted into electrical energy.

Another key method is nuclear power. In nuclear power plants, uranium or other radioactive materials undergo a process called nuclear fission. This process releases a significant amount of heat, which is used to generate steam that powers turbines, much like in fossil-fuel plants.